Fourth Paris International Exposition of 1889

This international exposition was held in the 100th anniversary year of the French Revolution. While many constitutional monarchies were reluctant to participate in the exposition, private sectors from many countries joined the event. Constructed as the centerpiece of the exposition was the Eiffel Tower. Meanwhile, inside the Machinery Pavilion was a huge space with steel arches, a great achievement realized by the development of industrial technologies and steel production processes in the late 19th century. At the venues, visitors were able to look around on a small electric railcar that ran every 10 minutes. At night, the Eiffel Tower was illuminated. Moreover, the incandescent lamps invented by T. A. Edison were switched on at the venues, enabling the event to remain open even at night for the first time in the history of international expositions.

• Eiffel Tower

References:

Finding, J. E., Pelle, K. D. ed.: Historical dictionary of world's fairs and expositions, 1851-1988 (Greenwood Press, 1990) <D7-B3>
Hirano, Shigeomi.: Kokusai hakurankai rekishi jiten (Uchiyama kobo, 1999) <D7-G26>
Yoshida, Mitsukuni.: Bankoku hakurankai: Gijutsu bunmeishiteki ni Revised ed. (Nihon hoso shuppan kyokai, 1985) <D7-67>
Yoshida, Mitsukuni ; Nihon hoso kyokai (ed). Bankoku hakurankai: Sono rekishi to yakuwari (Nihon hoso shuppan kyokai, 1985) <D7-E82>

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